10 (2019) 1040–1065. Dyer, P. Elliott, J. Stamler, for the I.R. 18 (2015) 850–859. (CRIC) S. Investigators, Sodium Excretion and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, JAMA. Dysregulation of kidney function can change the way your body handles these minerals. You can always track your dietary sodium intake and potassium intake on paper by looking up your food’s nutrient content and tracking it manually or on an app. [50] M.E. The sodium to potassium ratio is intimately related to kidney, liver, and adrenal gland function. In fact, urinary potassium is correlated to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), an index developed by the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion based on the USDA’s Dietary Guidelines for Americans [28]. Gardner, C. Gillespie, C.M. Bias your foods to those with a sodium potassium ratio less than one. Neale, M.J. Batterham, Associations between Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure in a Clinical Sample of Overweight Adults, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. [77] M.A. [59] Association of sodium intake with insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 , Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism . [62] C.H. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1017/S136898001500230X. Bray, T.M. 2014 Feb;99(2):334-43. Thus, a diet with high quality produces a low sodium potassium ratio (generally less than the number 1), while a diet with worse quality results in a high sodium potassium ratio (generally greater than the number 1) [9–12]. Jackson, M.E. Lower your sodium potassium ratio to improve it. [78] O.M. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029193. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.077362. So the answer to the sodium dilemma is the same as the answer to so many of our modern health problems: avoid processed and packaged foods as much as possible, and focus your diet on fresh fruits and vegetables and unprocessed, grass-fed or organic meats and poultry. Jeong, Y.S. We’ll automatically collect and test for your sodium potassium ratio on a regular basis without you needing to do anything! [81] K.B. [63] Z. Daniela, B. Helene, B. Stephen, A.T. L., B. Vivek, I. Erik, Urinary Albumin, Sodium, and Potassium and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the UK Biobank, Hypertension. Siqueira, N.M.T. Not so fast. Li, M. Yu, L.F. Lien, L.P. Svetkey, Blood pressure-lowering mechanisms of the DASH dietary pattern, Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. Appel, P.K. Campbell, F.J. [51] A. Siani, P. Strazzullo, A. Giacco, D. Pacioni, E. Celentano, M. Mancini, Increasing the Dietary Potassium Intake Reduces the Need for Antihypertensive Medication, Annals of Internal Medicine. Oliveira, J.S. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1645-x. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4447. [38] N.J. Aburto, A. Ziolkovska, L. Hooper, P. Elliott, F.P. 344 (2001) 3–10. They also have more potassium to sodium (or a higher K-to-Na ratio). https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2018.1005. Kwon, J.-H. Kim, Association of urinary sodium/creatinine ratio and urinary sodium/specific gravity unit ratio with blood pressure and hypertension: KNHANES 2009–2010, Clinica Chimica Acta. Murray, The State of US Health, 1990-2010 Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors, JAMA. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 70 percent of that sodium is already present in food before it reaches the table. Carriquiry, J.P. Gunn, E. v Kuklina, S.H. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.025353. Cogswell, L. Zhao, A.L. Anderson, M.L. In some recent posts we discussed large population studies showing how Finland and Japan saw a dramatic reduction in strokes from an increase in the potassium to sodium ratio in their diet. Curtis, S.Y. Most-Windhauser, T.J. Moore, M.A. Evans, E.R. Rosas, A. Porter, G. Makos, M.R. He, K.T. Bray, D. Harsha, E. Obarzanek, P.R. Cho, Y.S. Moe, E.F. Elsayed, R.F. 11 (2019) 3046. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11123046. [71] L. Cherian, Y. Wang, T. Holland, P. Agarwal, N. Aggarwal, M.C. Daviglus, J. Stamler, J.K. Nicholson, E. Holmes, P. Elliott, Metabolic phenotyping for discovery of urinary biomarkers of diet, xenobiotics and blood pressure in the INTERMAP Study: an overview, Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension. An optimal potassium (K +) : Na + ratio is vital to activate enzymatic reactions in the cytoplasm necessary for maintenance of plant growth and yield development. Create a personalized feed and bookmark your favorites. 29 (2009) 8–18. Terry, C.-Y. Molina, Sodium/potassium urinary ratio and consumption of processed condiments and ultraprocessed foods, Nutr Hosp. Lee, B.S. Kristbjornsdottir, T.I. 23 (2000) 195–200. Slashing the average sodium intake by as little as 400 mg a day could prevent 32,000 heart attacks and 20,000 strokes annually, according to CDC Director Thomas Frieden, MD. [43] A. Mente, M.J. O’Donnell, S. Rangarajan, M.J. McQueen, P. Poirier, A. Wielgosz, H. Morrison, W. Li, X. Wang, C. Di, P. Mony, A. Devanath, A. Rosengren, A. Oguz, K. Zatonska, A.H. Yusufali, P. Lopez-Jaramillo, A. Avezum, N. Ismail, F. Lanas, T. Puoane, R. Diaz, R. Kelishadi, R. Iqbal, R. Yusuf, J. Chifamba, R. Khatib, K. Teo, S. Yusuf, Association of Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion with Blood Pressure, New England Journal of Medicine. But what foods help maintain a good ratio? MacGregor, Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials, BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2017.1411320. Pereira, M.D.C.B. Dean, A.M. Hodge, M. Berk, A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the “SMILES” trial), BMC Medicine. Mohammed, S.M. Cesario, A. Choure, W.D. Loria, Association Between Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Blood Pressure Among Adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014, Circulation. 47 (2018) 57–65. Ndanuko, L.C. [8] T. Iwahori, K. Miura, H. Ueshima, Q. Chan, A.R. Nowson, Associations between dietary patterns and blood pressure in a sample of Australian adults, Nutrition Journal.
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